Hegemoni Amerika Serikat dalam Pengelolaan Tambang di Indonesia: Analisis Tambang Freeport-McMoRan di Papua

Abstract

This study examines the political hegemony of the United States in the management of mining resources in Indonesia, with a focus on the exploitation of the Freeport-McMoRan mine in Papua since 1967. Utilizing Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony as well as dependency theory from Prebisch, Cardoso, and Faletto, this study explains how American dominance is formed through relations of political, economic, and ideological power within the structure of global capitalism. The method employed is qualitative interpretative research with a literature study approach, using secondary sources in the form of books, scholarly journals, articles, and official documents. Thematic analysis is applied to identify patterns of American hegemony in Indonesia’s mining sector. The results of the study indicate that this hegemony emerges through three dimensions. First, the political dimension, which is evident in diplomatic lobbying and policy pressure to maintain Freeport’s contracts. Second, the economic dimension, which positions Indonesia as a peripheral country and a supplier of raw materials within the global production chain. Third, the ideological dimension, manifested through development narratives, CSR programs, and the legitimization of discourses that support the continuity of Freeport’s operations. In conclusion, the exploitation of the Freeport mine reflects a systemic and multilayered form of American hegemony that reinforces Indonesia’s structural dependence. Therefore, strengthening national regulations, diversifying international partners, and achieving technological self-reliance are necessary to enhance sovereignty over natural resource management.